Internal-combustion engine



April 24, 1945. C. R. PATON v2,374,305

INTERNAL -COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed April 19, 1943 5 Sheets-Sheet ,2

. IN VEN TOR. lpg/6 )7 EIZO.

April 24, 1945.

C. R. PATON INTERNAL- COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed April 19, 1945 3Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENToR.

Crof l?. PATOA/ BY ATTO mvfys Patented Apr. 24, 1945 A V cui" smTES, 1P

' INTERNAL-ConmUSTION'ENqIE/ fs oly'ae n. Patcmmrmingham,michafassinor df Packard Motor Car Company, Detroit, Mich.,` v acomoration of Michiganif 11 YApplication April 19,

v 4 Claims.

- 'This invention relates to aircraftl more particularly to superchargerimpeller drive mechanism and control for such mechanism.

Substantially allv aircraft engines are equipped with supercharger's forincreasing the delivered power. In many instances the superchargers Yareequipped with driving mechanismfor increasing theV impeller speed atelevations Vwhere the engine power would-'otherwise 'drop offV due todecreased air pressure-f" f It is an object of this change speedmechanism, for driving an aircraft enginevsupercharger impeller, withan'automatic control for selecting the drive infresppnse to air pressureconditions.

Another object of the invention is to provide an electric system underthe controlofan aneioid for automatically controlling changespeedmechanism for driving an `vimpeller of vane''riiraft enginesupercharger, Y Another objeci-l of the invention'is ltonivrovideautomatically operating mechanism f for'f'selectively establishing aplurality of aircraftv engine Asupercharger. drives through change speedgear- I ing and for throttling down the engine prior to anyfchanges inthe driving ratio `through the Another object of the vinvention is 4teprovide a change speed drive mechanism for; an aircraft enginesupercharger impellerthatwill be* coni trolled automatically to 1operate -in the lower speed ratio below a predetermined A'elevation'`and in the higher speed ratio above such predetermined elevati'on. i

Other objects of the invention will appear from?" the followingdescription taken in connection withthe drawings, "which form a part lofthis specification, in which;l Y

Fig. 1 is a sectionaliview of change speed drive gearing for operatingan aircraft 'engine super-*5 charger impeller and control mechanismtforthe gearing and the engine throttle valve shown diagrammatically; Y Fig.2. is another Yform of the invention showing another type of .changespeed means for controlling thedrivc through-the 'gearingshowndiagrammatically-` i; r

Fig. 3 isa sectionaliview through the gearing l taken on line 3-3ofFig.A 1;

Fig. 5 is a'fragmentary sectional view-'ofthe gearing control .takenlonline 5;5'of1;

The drawings show` changev speed mechanisrnj` for driving an internalcombustion engine acces` engines and i invention to provide a gearingand i943, v"Sferiau No. 483;'667

that aligns with drive 'shaft I2 sii'itaiily` connectedV to be driven.by. thev engine crankshaft ,(not h0.W n) The 'drive'f .sl'l'aftv .isAgonne ated in driviDl relationf .wth" theg'driven shaft by change yjspee'd mechanism 'that can be controlled to pro VLl'vide either one' or.twoimpeller drivingratios both "of which aremuch higher-than that atwhich the crankshaft rotates. Suchmechanism ,j in 'Fig-11., includes.planetary ,eeainehavins a cage "H Icarr'yingl planet pinions 16,' asun..gear

l5 anci'airine: gear 1s. 'The jcagggslaxed at M l'cndrive shaft I2whilefthesungearisloosely f .mvnted nsu'ch sha1? "11 is -arangeliflijtwgear and a vsleevej'extension i9 on thefcage so jthat when thersun' gearis..l free t9. rotate, the 2611 clutchwill loci: the cage and= ringgeantosether and thereby providev` impeller'shaft.' ThisA 'gearing"between the plane-f tionary and thereby c'ause a "stepslfipff the driv-v40^ing speed v thoughjthe mechanism. Whenthe pawl-"i's removed fromholdingfengagement vwith the sun gear hub, the overrunning clutch willV"""bcome effective' to lock the' plant-ft.iygearing to transmit directdrive between the' drive shaft and "'--that'can consist of a solenoid,SIIV anda spring mjmnsr and outer, cous sa and ,u .jjari armature asextends: through,3 the :armatureand" its.; cap. I f 'lhei'ejisaninsulation, Wall 3 8 `across 4thesolenoid 'casing and spring 3lv"seats""against4 this A'wall and An overrunning clutch tlldrhlib |8' O fEthegring direct ,drive throughthe t j planetary gearing, 'lfh'e'ringgeanmeshes withhe. drive th armature cap. The armature is recessedand gine lubricating system,V isy connected with the forms a seat 39 forengaging a flangegd of the valve housing by conduit 52. An outlet ordrain pawl rod and a coil springM is arranged between conduit 93 is alsoconnected with the valve housthe ange and the armature cap. The solenoiding. The fluid ow to and from the bellows is casing `also has anotherinterior insulation-wall f5 Controlled by valvevl having'a stem 95serving 42 through which the pawl rod can extend,v such as thev armatureof a control solenoid 9E. The wall acting as a supportforswitcharm'fcarl'ystem is fxed to a diaphragm -91 acting in conryi ingcontact-44V and 'switchvarm :45

ng conjunction lwith spring |50 to `nt'qrmally move the nd with'g.

grirtne nuid under p e drairconduit to the bellows. The solenoid .isgrounded and is connected with switches- 54 and 56 by conductor 99. thecontact member dfwithrcpntactll Y `hecontml system for` the changespeedselec- The solenoid 30 is connectdin an electric c1rpeller drivemechanism is arranged cuit having a battery .511! relaitgllffffh'ere"'e'ypaw121 from the sun gear below are three coils 5|, 52 and, ,f ifined air pressure, for example the at '12,000 feet elevation, and toenpgagetherpawl-with the sun gear above such level hownv in Fig. 1. VTheaneroid willgautomat- `-r3a1lyifunction to provide these desiredoperating .conditions-.ez When ,the,aneicid Vis contracted, due

' efzbelow Vthe predetermined.` elevach58giclosed, switch armn69will ,iontact-'l,l`-and connect conductor.. 13 with he,.batter-y,v injougl-1.-conductorslll, and 517;: One y yact ,ofl switches` 5g?,- 55 and-SB-willbe connect- 'Tw'itlli'l thebattery; through s conductorl.' Thewillbe-held ,invdisengagedposition by spring,ridfthepawgrod,willrextend-jthrough wal1'42 and press switch43-outwardly .toa position moving swtchyg5 .therewith outof engagementwith ontzimj.I '18, .thus-,breakingthecircuitfto relay coil l 'whichotherwise -would beenergized through "ondutor ,179.L As therejis-nocurrent passing to a' coilsj5i and 53, theswitc'hesllrandi controlledhereby fyvillbe'openfand solenoid- 96 willbe de- 'elicitedso.,thetrfva1veas4f-wi11 beelosed render- 1 the automatic Y throttle.valve .i control device .l 1., neifectivetf Y A si coil, 52 connected byconductor 14. withrthe-conductor 12,theswitch 69 being outVJo;engagemfrit withcontact I0- will render the olenoidineifectiveandspringfBl will `hold the awl out ofiy engagement with: thejsun gear. f V.Unsuch conditie@ftheeoverrunning clutch will oc theageaandtheyring; gear together for didrive through: theplanetary-gearing andy the ower speed drive through the change speedmeha'mzsmwmfbhad-vE in". '.113

lient e predetermineda;1titude is reached, ffexpand; *duel :tordecreasfed A"air J-the position-fshown-inFig.'1..l 'This will completea circuitto coil 52 through'conductos 12 ,.1ands!!causinghswitchj55 lt'oclose-'and Athereby nergizingsolenoid coil-S133 and '34.-y The circuitygrounded coil-v 3| is"thro1'iglh` 'conductor 51,

switch 55 and conductorsSS yand 60. AThe' circuit to;coilfqisthroughfconductor 51, switch 55,@conductor-,1;lSSxCOntaCt-:AIg'switch y"arm18'f'and 5 conductor 19 to:V,f round Ener'gzi'g coil '33 vwill 4l,more..armature 35 upwardl'ywhichwill bias 'spring 3l and will create pressure againstv spring 'Il andyurge-the;pawLtowaidxthe sun gear hubl This arma-turemovementwillrmovethe' arm I48 away .i f ro nfi:- contactzffll i-deenrg-izin'g coil 33'ybutn the coil 34 will still belenergized and will ho1d-the t; Qarrlnatur-e in .itsfuppcnpositon until loadedfs'pring 4| can engage thepawl'rwith-the sun gear hub. ".fllliesunlvgearis:rotating-fat too .greatarspeed for the pawl to be pushed -intoarecessinthe ,huh and therenvginethrottle-,'valve-is temporarily closed .automatically Ito, slow downvthesun ygear sp, ed l 4soA that 1therspavwl; c an 1 be projected to en-:prix

When the aneroidl moves switch "6,9% into en`l f gagement withcontact'gyoilllfwill be enermeans Ythat can be shiftednby an. electricsystemx'undercontrol of an aneroidif Valve housconductor '19. Thisenergizing of coil 5|. willi closef switch 54 completing the circuitto... solenoid 96,A` which will move valve 94 to open conduit 92,-.

to the Sylphon which acts on the associated linkage to shift thethrottle valve toward closed position. When the engine slows dpwn,the'pawl can be moved into engagement with the sun gear hub by spring 4|and this releases switch` 43 which then moves upwardly outv of contactwith switch 45 breaking the circuit to vrelay coil 51|. Deenergizingcoil 5| releases switch-@54 breaking the circuit to solenoid 96 so thatalve 94 will return to position closing the connegition between conduit92 and the bellows, whereupbn the throttle will automatically be movedback toits open position as dictated by movement ofthe manual' controllever 98.

When the elevation becomes less than 12,000 feet, the aneroid will shiftswitch 69 out of engagement with contact and into engagement withcontact 1| so that relay coil 5ir is deenergized breaking the circuit tosolenoid 30. Torque will hold the pawl in engagement with the sun gearhub despite the force exerted by spring 3| tending to dislodge the pawl,so it is',Y necessary to again reduce the engine speed. Coil. 53 will beenergized through circuit consisting'of conductors 51, Tl` switch 69,conductors .13, l5, contact 18, switch engaging contactl'S when releasedby the pawl rod and grounded conductor 19. This will close switch 56connecting conductors 5l and 99 to energize solenoid 96Y to move thevalve 94 to allow conduit 92 to open to the Sylphon and actuate linkageclosing the throttle valve. As soon as engine deceleration reducestorque to allow spring 3| to'dislodge the pawl from the sun gear, thepawl rod will' move Iswitch 43 outwardly carrying switch 4-5 therewith.and out of engagement with contact 18 to break the circuit through relaycoil 53 so that switch 56 will open and deenergize` solenoid 95. Whensuch solenoid is deenergized.,the throttle valve will be returned toopen position dictated by the manual control.

The impeller driving mechanism andthe con-- trol thereof by ananeroid'can take another form. as evidenced by a modified form of theinvention as shown in Fig. 2. In this embodiment, the crankshaftextension or drive shaft |2 has gear |00 fixed thereon and such gearmeshes with gear |0| on a countershafi-l |02. The driven shaft |Icarrying the superchargep impeller I0 has gear |03 loosely mountedthereon and gear |04 xed thereto. Gear |03 meshes with gear |05 fixed onthe countershaftl and gear |041meshes with gear |06. An overrunningclutch |01. is arranged to drive gear |06 from the countershaft, Whenthe overrunning clutch is effective, the lower speed drive will beeffective. although such speed is several times faster than thecrankshaft speed. To obtain a higher rate of driving speed for thesupercharger impeller, a fluid clutch |01' is arranged to connect gear|03 with shaft II' and when eiective. drive through gear |06 will beineffective due to the overrunning clutch.

The fluid clutch is connected with a source of uid under pressure, whichcan be the engine lubricating system, by conduit |08. Flow through thisconduit can be controlled by valve ing JBBfcan-be interposed in.conduit, |08 and has afdraimconduit H0 'connected therewith.' The;atel.bysolenoidlll t'oi open conduit |08 and' spring H14 iacts'againstretainer |30f'xed on the valve to: close conduitlll'l-and open theclutchto the drain conduit I|IlV when. the solenoid is deenergized. The clutchhas. a bleedv port I I5 open to the casing housing theV mechanism;

The solenoid is in an. electric circuit consisting of battery 50,conductors H76. and Ililr, and a switch H8.. The switch is opened' and.closedby an aneroidf 6I and actuating mechanism similar to thatdescribedl inv connectionA with the invention shown in Fig. 1. When the`anerod is contracted it opens switch H8 so that the solenoid isdeenergizedand spring l-flwill locate the valve in .position shuttingolf' fluid ow. Clutch |101' will then` be ineifectivev and thelower'speed drive through gears: |06, |04and the overrunning clutch |01will be eiective. Above the predetermined elevation, the-aneroid willexpand and close switch Il 'which willclosethe circuit to the solenoid II3.

Energizingy solenoidv |113: will shift valve II-|1 to open conduit |08.-mlaking clutch |01' effective to establish the higher speedv drivethrough driv-v Although the invention has been described in connectionwith a specific embodiment. the principles-involved are susceptible ofnumerous other applications which will readily occur to persons skilledin the art. The' invention is therefore to be limited only as indicatedby the scope of the appended claims.

Wha-t is` claimed is;

l'. Inan' aircraft engine. a throttle valve, a supercharger impeller,engine driven change speed mechanismvnormally operating inthe lowerspeed range, means for shifting the drive through the mechanism toahigher speedv range, means operable to close the throttle valve, anelectric system controlling the vthrottle Valve closing. means and theshifting means for the change speed mechanism, andan aneroid controllingsaid elecin closing direction independently of the manual` control.super-charger impeller drive mechanism having means for changingy thedrive therethrough. anv electric system-for controlling thev motor meansand thedrive selecting means, and an aneroid controlling7 said'electricsystem, said system energizing the motor means to momentarily reduce theengine power eachl time the selector means is operated to changethedrive through the mechanism.

4 4. In an. aircraft; enline, s. aupercharzer imi I Y,1r.-e1ier, engine1driven chaniefapeed --mechanilm'ff connected to drive theimpeiier;afthrcttie'vaive.

g i: power operated meane operable to move said valvetowardfclnainiwonnen. a.' acienoid operatedvv 5 vameanicsox'xi'wiiinilaid powerfmea'ru, a' 'aoienid c'pez'a'ted-meanafoontroiiinz 'the chan'le apeeci| *,mechemimm'meerinscriveehemnfqum anjf #electric eyetem-'inciudinr auefvitch and'a-reiay Y. grasos connected with both lclencid operated rneana, and

bein: 'ei'iectivetdcotrci' the power means aoienoid tomomeni'iariigdecelerateihe engine each time" the chanze'ulpeed.'eolencid' ie' energized or deene'rzize, and to chanle the drivethrculhthe mechanism above and beiowa' predetermined f-aitituier 'l x l vgemman. BATON.

